The visible-light photodegradation of nonylphenol in the presence of carbon-doped TiO2 with rutile/anatase ratio coated on GAC: Effect of parameters and degradation mechanism

- Carbon-doped TiO2 with an identified anatase/rutile ratio was synthesized.
- Granular activated carbon was used as a proper support for nanoparticles.
- The effects of pH, carrier dosage, and nonylphenol concentration were studied.
- The photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals were the main oxidative species.
- Photocatalytic degradation intermediates of nonylphenol were identified.