Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Medicago sativa by hydrogen-rich water

- HRW can alleviate Cd-induced alfalfa seedling growth inhibition and DNA laddering.
- HRW alleviates Cd-induced oxidative stress by activating antioxidant enzymes.
- Cd uptake in alfalfa seedling roots was decreased by HRW.
- HRW can re-establish glutathione homeostasis under Cd stress.