Heat regeneration of hydroxyapatite/attapulgite composite beads for defluoridation of drinking water

► Exhausted beads can be regenerated more than 10 times using boiling water or steam. ► Regeneration process is F− on the surface move to the bulk of HAP by heating. ► Defluoridation and regeneration are performed in the same vessel thus providing a high efficiency and simple operation. ► No chemicals are used and no wastes are produced in the heat regeneration process.