Effects of CaCl2 hydrothermal treatment of titanium implant surfaces on early epithelial sealing

- Teeth were extracted from rats and replaced them with titanium implants.
- CaCl2 hydrothermal treatment enhanced peri-implant epithelial sealing.
- Culture study was performed to elucidate the effect of CaCl2 hydrothermal treatment.
- CaCl2 hydrothermal treatment enhanced epithelial cell adhesion onto titanium plates.
- CaCl2 hydrothermal treatment could improve peri-implant soft tissue barrier.