Functionalized gold nanoparticle-polypyrrole nanobiocomposite with high effective surface area for electrochemical/pH dual stimuli-responsive smart release of insulin

- Controlled release of insulin by a dual-responsive system based on PPy-FGNP-NBC.
- Large effective surface area was fabricated for electrical/pH dual stimuli.
- Release kinetics strongly affected by applying external potential stimuli.
- A exhibited special electrical-dependent pH-sensitivity.
- System may protect the insulin against a harmful gastric environment.