Effect of graphene oxide on affinity-immobilization of purple membranes on solid supports

- Graphene oxide was complexed with oxidized avidin to serve as a linker between affinity-immobilized purple membranes and aminated supports.
- Addition of graphene oxide improved substrate properties as well as the structure of immobilized purple membranes.
- An improved photocurrent was stably and repeatedly generated by the composite photoelectrical chip.