Simulation and optimization of a combined cycle gas turbine power plant for part-load operation

Combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants must often run at part-load conditions, as the electricity demand varies constantly. We present a method and necessary correlations for simulating the part-load operation of a typical CCGT plant in a commercial simulator (e.g. GateCycle). We show that assuming constant values for some equipment parameters (e.g. efficiencies) and ignoring the operating maps of key equipment can overestimate plant performance significantly at part-loads. Furthermore, a rise in the ambient temperature lowers the plant capacity, but increases the plant efficiency. Then, we propose a simulation-based optimization approach that yields an optimal operating strategy to maximize the overall plant efficiency for any part-load. Our strategy forms a basis for evaluating the two widely used operating policies (fuel flow control or FFC and inlet guide vane control or IGVC). Our proposed strategy increases the plant efficiency by as much as 2.63% (absolute) over FFC and 0.93% over IGVC. This work highlights the need for integrating the two cycles (gas turbine and steam) to optimize the plant performance. We find that FFC seems to prioritize the gas turbine and IGVC tends to prioritize the steam cycle, while our proposed strategy strikes an optimal balance between the two.