Three strategies to treat reverse osmosis brine and cation exchange spent regenerant to increase system recovery

Third, application of EFC to a synthetic CIEX regenerant was also investigated. The multicomponent solution contained NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. Upon EFC treatment, ice formed first and then NaCl · 2H2O at − 29 °C. The composition of eutectic point at − 29.4 °C was 2.48 wt.% Na and 15.85 wt.% Cl.