Development of low mass-transfer-resistance fluorinated TiO2-SiO2/PVDF composite hollow fiber membrane used for biogas upgrading in gas-liquid membrane contactor

(a) Schematic illustration of the fTiO2-SiO2/PVDF composite hollow fiber membrane and CO2 removal in GLMC application. The resultant composite membranes exhibited (b) improved CO2 absorption capacity and (c) better long-term stability due to the robust fTiO2-SiO2 layer modification.271