Directly fluorinated polyaromatic composite membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

▸ Fluorinated sulfonated membranes and composites were used in flow batteries. ▸ Enhanced oxidative stabilities were observed as compared to non-fluorinated samples. ▸ Polysilsesquioxane composite formation suppressed vanadium permeation. ▸ Improved flow battery performance was achieved with low permeability membranes.