Nafion/microporous titanosilicate ETS-4 composite membranes for effective methanol crossover reduction in direct methanol fuel cells

▸ Microporous Engelhard titanosilicate-4 (ETS-4) particles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. ▸ Nafion/ETS-4 composite membranes were prepared by the solution casting method. ▸ The best membrane selectivity was achieved with the NE10 membrane with 10 wt% ETS-4. ▸ The proton diffusion coefficients obtained with 1H PFG-NMR were found to decrease with increasing ETS-4 contents in the membrane.