Analysis of the effect of turbulence promoters in hollow fiber membrane distillation modules by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations

▸ Nine DCMD hollow fiber modules with various turbulence promoters are designed. ▸ Effects of turbulence promoters on MD performance are analyzed by CFD simulations. ▸ A 6-fold hf enhancement is achieved by a module with annular baffles/round spacers. ▸ Hydraulic energy consumption can be minimized with properly selected promoters.