Generalized guidance for considering pore-size distribution in membrane distillation

▶ Ignoring pore-size distribution in membrane distillation (MD) models leads to errors. ▶ These errors are significantly less than the error for liquid filtration processes. ▶ The error for vacuum MD is larger than the error for direct-contact MD. ▶ The error for direct-contact MD is larger than the error for air-gap MD. ▶ Pore-size distribution can often be ignored in air-gap and direct-contact MD models.