Effect of orientation on forced convection heat transfer from a heated cone in Bingham plastic fluids

Forced convection heat transfer from an isothermal heated cone (apex up and down) in Bingham plastic fluids has been studied numerically. Extensive results are presented here in terms of isotherm and Nusselt number over ranges of conditions as: Reynolds number, 1 ≤ Re ≤ 100, Prandtl number, 10 ≤ Pr ≤ 100, Bingham number, 0 ≤ Bn ≤ 100 and cone angle, 20° ≤ α ≤ 150°. The rate of heat transfer is influenced mainly by the values of Re, Pr and Bn and to a lesser extent by the cone angle and orientation. The present results are consolidated in terms of the modified Reynolds (Re⁎) and Prandtl numbers (Pr⁎) incorporating the role of Bingham number.