A unified approach for the solution of power flows in electric power systems including wind farms

This paper proposes a solution approach of the power flow problem to assess the steady-state condition of power systems with wind farms in a single frame of reference, in which the state variables of the wind generators are combined with the nodal voltage magnitudes and angles of the entire network for a unified iterative solution through the Newton–Raphson method. Different wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are mathematically derived from the steady-state representation of the induction generator. Suitable strategies for initializing the state variables of the wind generators are also proposed in this paper. Lastly, three numerical examples are presented to numerically illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

► Different models of wind generators are mathematically derived for power flow analysis.
► All state variables of the wind generators and electrical network are solved in a unified framework.
► Suitable strategies for initializing the state variables of the wind generators are provided.
► The power flow solution retains Newton's quadratic convergence characteristics.