Modeling for IMU-based Online Estimation of a Ship's Mass and Center of Mass

A ship's roll dynamics is very sensitive to changes in the loading conditions and a worst-case scenario is the loss of stability. This paper proposes an approach for online estimation of a ship's mass and center of mass. Instead of focusing on a sensor-rich environment where all possible signals on a ship can be measured and a complete model of the ship can be estimated, a minimal approach is adopted. A model of the roll dynamics is derived from a well-established model in literature and it is assumed that only motion measurements from an inertial measurement unit together with measurements of the rudder angle are available. Furthermore, identifia-bility properties and disturbance characteristics of the model are presented. Due to the properties of the model, the parameters are estimated with an iterative instrumental variable approach to mitigate the influence of the disturbances and it uses multiple datasets simultaneously to overcome identifiability issues. Finally, a simulation study is presented to investigate the sensitivity to the initial conditions and it is shown that the sensitivity is low for the desired parameters.