Lotus effect in wetting and self-cleaning

Self-cleaning surfaces based on lotus effect with a very high static water contact angle greater than 160° and a lower roll-off angle have been successfully studied by researchers and applied in fields of self-cleaning windows, windshields, exterior paints for buildings and navigation of ships, utensils, roof tiles, textiles, solar panels, and applications requiring a reduction of drag in fluid flow, e.g. in micro −/nanochannels. In this feature article, we summarize recent research progress and synthesis technologies about the design and fabrication of self-cleaning surfaces. We hope that, this review article should provide a useful guide for the development of self-cleaning surfaces.