LB-AGR: level-based adaptive geo-routing for underwater sensor network

Underwater sensor network (UWSN) adopts acoustic communication with more energy-consumption and longer propagation-delay, which bring great challenges to protocol design. In this paper, we proposed level-based adaptive geo-routing (LB-AGR) protocol. LB-AGR divides traffics into four categories, and routes different types of traffic in accordance with different decisions. Packets upstream to the sink are forwarded unicast to the best next-hop instead of broadcasting to all neighbor nodes as in present UWSN routing protocols. LB-AGR defines an integrated forwarding factor for each candidate node based on available energy, density, location, and level-difference between neighbor nodes, which is used to determine the best next-hop among multiple qualified candidates. Through simulation experiments, we show the promising performance of LB-AGR.