V2G Scheduling - A Modern Approach to Unit Commitment with Vehicle-to-Grid using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents a new approach to Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scheduling. V2G technology has drawn great interest in the recent years. It can efficiently manage load fluctuation, peak load; however, it increases spinning reserves and reliability. V2G can reduce dependencies on small expensive units in the existing power systems as energy storage that can decrease running costs. Success of the V2G research depends on efficient scheduling of gridable vehicles in limited parking lots. As number of gridable vehicles in V2G is much higher than small units of existing systems, unit commitment (UC) with V2G is more complex than basic UC for thermal units. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to solve the UC with V2G, as PSO can reliably and accurately solve complex constrained optimization problems easily and quickly without any dimension limitation and physical computer memory limit. In the proposed model, 2 versions of PSO are used in the same model to optimize the on/off states of power generating units and gridable vehicles in the parking lots to reduce the dimension of the problem. Finally, simulation results show a considerable amount of profit for using V2G after proper UC with V2G scheduling of gridable vehicles in constrained parking lots.