Spherical power error evaluation and stereopsis by using holographic optotype tests

Two holographic optotypes have been designed and fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide photopolymer in order to measure visual acuity and stereopsis. One of them was a multivergence target for subjective measurements to determine the spherical refractive error of the human eye in the range −5 to +4 diopters (D) in a single step. The amplitude of accommodation is determined at the same time. The second one was a stereopsis test with an embossed picture to determine the degree of stereoscopic difficulties.