Triggering the activation of Activin A type II receptor in human adipose stem cells towards tenogenic commitment using mechanomagnetic stimulation

Schematic illustration of the process of hASCs-MNPs-ActRIIA labeling and stimulation with magnetic field to target the Activin A receptor, initiating the intracellular signaling through activation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 towards tenogenesis. The activation of the ligand-receptor complex via magneto-mechanical stimulation was confirmed by the assessment of Smad2/3 phosphorylation in hASCs. Moreover, the remote activation of MNPs tagged hASCs resulted in improved collagenous enriched matrix and tenogenic commitment of hASCs, demonstrating potential for the modulation of signaling pathways involved in tendon regeneration.223