Small size fullerenol nanoparticles inhibit thrombosis and blood coagulation through inhibiting activities of thrombin and FXa

When fullerenol nanoparticles are injected into Sprague Dawley rats intravenously, the nanoparticles can bind to the active domains of activated coagulation factor X and thrombin, which are coagulation enzymes in blood plasma. The bindings lead to activity inhibitions of FXa and thrombin compared with normal conditions, which limit the formation of fibrin network, and finally inhibit thrombosis.152