A lithium-containing nanoporous coating on entangled titanium scaffold can enhance osseointegration through Wnt/β-catenin pathway

A lithium-containing, hierarchical and nanoporous coating was formed by MAO on entangled titanium wires scaffold. The biocompatibility and osteogenic ability were evaluated by cell experiments in vitro. A rabbit bone defect model was established for in vivo bone integration evaluation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate Li-MAO-ETP is a good candidate for bone repair material.301