Longitudinal associations between subjective and psychological well-being in Japan: A four-year cross-lagged panel study

The purpose of the present study was to explore the temporal associations between subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) across 4 years. A cross-lagged analysis of 2 waves of data was conducted using a Japanese sample (N = 657). The results concerning the auto-regressive effects indicated high stability over time for both of the variables. The cross-lagged effect of PWB on SWB was significant, suggesting that PWB predicts increases in SWB over time. However, SWB did not predict subsequent levels of PWB.