Changes in gender and racial/ethnic disparities in rates of cigarette use, regular heavy episodic drinking, and marijuana use: Ages 14 to 32

These results suggest that substance use, particularly for certain population subgroups, increases past early adolescence. Disparities in substance use behaviors fluctuate considerably throughout adolescence and young adulthood, suggesting that targeted intervention programs are more critical at particular ages. These findings also demonstrate that TVEM can advance our understanding of health risk behaviors and their correlates across developmental time.