Effects of age and individual experiences on tactile perception over the life span in women

Multivariate ANOVA confirmed a linear decline in tactile perceptual skills with age (F(3, 279) = 76.740; p < .000; pEta2 = 0.452), starting in early adulthood. Largest age effects were found for the Landolt ring test and smallest age effects for the Sand paper test, indicating different aging slopes. Tactile experiences had a positive effect on tactile performance (F (3,279) = 4.450; p = .005; pEta2 = 0.046) and univariate ANOVA confirmed this effect for the sand paper and the Landolt ring test, but not for the von Frey test. Using structural equation modelling, we confirmed two dimensions of tactile performance; one related to more peripheral or early sensory cortical (bottom-up) processes (i.e., sensitivity) and one more associated with cognitive or evaluative (top-down) processes (i.e., perception). Interestingly, the top-down processes were stronger influenced by age than bottom-up ones, suggesting that age-related deficits in tactile performance are mainly caused by a decline of central perceptive-evaluative capacities rather than by reduced sensitivity.