International comparison of quantum AC voltage standards for frequencies up to 100 kHz

This paper presents results of an international comparison of two quantum AC voltage standards based on pulse-driven Josephson arrays. The two systems differ in several hardware and software characteristics as well as in the level of automation, features which can influence the accuracy of transferring the quantum-standard voltage value to a calibrated instrument. The comparison was performed at 100 mV, 20 mV and 12 mV, at frequencies between 2.5 kHz and 100 kHz. An electronically-aided thermal transfer standard was used as a travelling standard. At the most accurate voltage and frequency point, 100 mV at 2.5 kHz, both laboratories agreed to better than 1 part in 106.

► First international comparison of two pulse-driven Josephson voltage standards for frequencies up to 100 kHz.
► At the most accurate voltage and frequency point, 100 mV at 2.5 kHz, both laboratories agreed to better than 1 part in 106.
► Below approximately 10–20 kHz, the uncertainty of the comparison was limited only by the travelling standard.
► There was no indication that any of the differences between the two systems affected the test results.