Modeling of piezoelectrically actuated fuel injectors

In this paper, four mathematical modeling approaches for the electro-mechanical behaviour of piezoelectrically actuated fuel injectors are discussed. Models with lumped and distributed parameters are investigated together with linear and nonlinear piezoelectric submodels. For the four resulting sets of nonlinear differential equations, numerical integration methods are described. The simulation results of the parameterized models are compared to measurements of a real injection valve.