کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
7401000 | 1481278 | 2015 | 12 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Resource and revenue potential of California residential load participation in ancillary services
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
پتانسیل منابع و درآمد مشارکت خانوار در کالیفرنیا در خدمات فرعی
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کلمات کلیدی
TCLPG&ECAISOGWHEnergy Information AgencyCECRECSSCEElectric water heater - آبگرمکن الکتریکیCalifornia Independent System Operator - اپراتور سیستم مستقل کالیفرنیاEIA - اینAir conditioner - تهویه کننده هواAncillary services - خدمات جانبیEnergy storage - ذخیره انرژیAppliances - لوازم خانگیRegulation - مقرراتDemand response - پاسخ تقاضاTechnical potential - پتانسیل فنیHeat pump - پمپ حرارتیCalifornia Energy Commission - کمیسیون انرژی کالیفرنیاrefrigerator - یخچال
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی انرژی
مهندسی انرژی و فناوری های برق
چکیده انگلیسی
Increasing penetrations of intermittent renewable energy resources will require additional power system services. California recently adopted an energy storage mandate to support its renewable portfolio standard, which requires 33% of delivered energy from renewables by 2020. The objective of this paper is to estimate the amount of energy storage that could be provided by residential thermostatically controlled loads, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, and the amount of revenue that could be earned by loads participating in ancillary services markets. We model load aggregations as virtual energy storage, and use simple dynamical system models and publicly available data to generate our resource and revenue estimates. We find that the resource potential is large: 10-40Â GW/8-12Â GWh, which is significantly more than that required by the mandate. We also find that regulation and spinning/non-spinning reserve revenues vary significantly depending upon type of load and, for heat pumps and air conditioners, climate zone. For example, mean regulation revenues for refrigerators are $11/year, for electric water heaters are $24/year, for air conditioners are $0-32/year, and for heat pumps are $22-56/year. Both consumer choices, such as appliance settings, and policy, such as the design of ancillary service compensation and appliance standards, could increase revenue potentials.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Energy Policy - Volume 80, May 2015, Pages 76-87
Journal: Energy Policy - Volume 80, May 2015, Pages 76-87
نویسندگان
Johanna L. Mathieu, Mark E.H. Dyson, Duncan S. Callaway,