Regulatory adaptation: Accommodating electric vehicles in a petroleum world

► We quantify the effects of electric vehicles within greenhouse gas (GHG) regulation. ► Electric vehicle GHG impacts are substantial and vary greatly by grid power sources. ► Existing “zero emission” electric vehicle incentives undermine regulation benefits. ► 10% electric vehicle sales leads to 20% erosion in regulation benefits by 2020-2025. ► Lifecycle crediting improves policy cost-effectiveness and technology neutrality.