Pull the Right Levers: Creating Internationally “Useful” Subsidiary Competence by Organizational Architecture

We study the effect of formal organizational architecture on the extent to which a focal subsidiary creates competence that is “useful” to other units of a multinational corporation (MNC). Elements of formal organizational architecture represent levers by which parent firm and subsidiary managers can realize their intentions. Building on motivation theory, we argue that an appropriate organizational architecture stimulates a subsidiary's motivation to create internationally “useful” competence so that its extent of competence creation will increase. We develop and empirically test hypotheses for three specific organizational elements, viz.: a home-base augmenting mission, interfaces with other MNC units, and the subsidiary's strategic and operational autonomy. Unique survey data from 287 subsidiaries provide intimate insights into the internal structure of MNCs and strongly support our account. We close by discussing the implications of our study for the academic literature, management practice, and future research.