Long-term strategic planning of inter-city fast charging infrastructure for battery electric vehicles

This study introduces a multistage chance-constrained stochastic model for strategic planning of battery electric vehicle (BEV) inter-city fast charging infrastructure. A mixed integer programming model is developed to determine where and when charging stations are opened, and how many chargers are required for each station to meet the growing BEV inter-city demand. The model is applied to a case study in California and solved by genetic algorithm. This study showed that investment in inter-city charging infrastructure is vital to alleviate the range anxiety. Also, planning decisions depend on many factors, such as the design level of service and vehicle range.