Minimizing the ecological footprint of food: closing yield and efficiency gaps simultaneously?

- Yield gaps are a specific form of resource-use efficiency gaps focused on land as production factor.
- Resource-use efficiency gaps for water and nutrients depend on the system's scale used for defining production factors or inputs, and outputs.
- The relationships between yield gap and other resource-use efficiency gaps depend on scale.
- Closing yield gaps has historically often decreased nutrient-use efficiency but synergy is possible.
- Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) defines a trade-enforceable bottom line for yield and efficiency gaps.