Water scarcity in the Spermonde Archipelago, Sulawesi, Indonesia: Past, present and future

► First study on water scarcity in an Indonesian Archipelago. ► Water scarcity is not new, but increased due to population growth and climate change impacts. ► Despite the urgency of the problem, solutions to date appear unsustainable in the long term. ► Management measures need to be island-specific and supported by local institutions.