Marine conservation science and governance in North-West Europe: Conservation planning and international law and policy

► European legislation has significant political buy-in and widespread support. ► However, approaches that guide marine conservation planning neglect key aspects of best practice. ► Best practice involves setting targets and incorporating cost and implementation data. ► Failure to adopt best practice has led to increased stakeholder conflict and lost opportunities. ► Fulfilling European objectives will require more transparent and coordinated strategies.