The ratio of EPR compliance fees on sales revenues of electrical and electronic equipment in Italy. A circular economy perspective

- Recycling fees have been equivalent to 0.36%-0.54% of the EEE sales price, with a decreasing trend.
- Recycling fees may strongly increase as collection targets rise to 65% of POM by 2019.
- Newly mandated 'modulated' recycling fees may effectively promote greener products.