How long should local warming for venodilation be used for peripheral intravenous cannulation? A prospective observational study

Compared with outcomes before local warming, vein size after warming for 5, 10, and 15 min was significantly larger. No significant differences were found in vein size among the time points of 5, 10, and 15 min of local warming. Our result demonstrated the effectiveness of shorter-duration (5 min) local warming for inducing venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation.