Aqueous lithium ion batteries on paper substrates

Aqueous paper batteries were fabricated and demonstrated based on LiMn2O4 and carbon coated TiP2O7. Carbon nanotubes conformally coated commercial paper, which served as current collectors. Anode and cathode slurries penetrated these conductive substrates well. Aqueous paper batteries were tested electrochemically, exhibiting excellent rate capability and reasonable cycling life. TiP2O7 dissolution accounts for the observed capacity fade.