Particle filter for state of charge and state of health estimation for lithium-iron phosphate batteries

► First estimation of state of charge and health for a LFP battery with a particle filter. ► Particle filter allowing any probability distribution for state of charge and health. ► Modelling of the open-circuit voltage hysteresis by multimodal probability functions. ► Validated for applications like electric vehicles and photovoltaic off-grid power supply. ► State estimation validated for new and aged batteries.