A computationally efficient steady-state electrode-level and 1DÂ +Â 1D cell-level fuel cell model

► A power-law approach is developed for approximation of charge transfer model. ► Two kinds of exchange current densities are related by a novel expression. ► The thermodynamic framework can be used for H2/CO kinetic analysis. ► We developed a linear along-the-channel current-temperature relationship. ► The 1D + 1D computational efficiency in this work is close to a 0D modeling.