THz applications of 2D materials: Graphene and beyond

Monolayer graphene, successfully isolated in 2004, is the first member of the class of materials called two-dimensional (2D) materials. Since then, 2D materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), silicene and phosphorene have been extensively investigated owing to their extraordinary mechanical, chemical, and physical properties. Furthermore, some of these 2D materials are expected to result in novel high-frequency and optical phenomena. In this review, we highlight the recent progress of the state-of-the-art research on graphene applications on the scale of terahertz (THz) emitting, detecting and modulating, and summarize similar THz applications of h-BN, TMDs, silicene and phosphorene.