The role of aromatic Salvia officinalis L. on the development of two mycorrhizal fungi

The symbiotic associations between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota) are common in terrestrial ecosystems. AMF stimulate growth, improve pathogen, heavy metal and salinity resistance and influence the content of secondary metabolites in plants. The Mediterranean area is rich in aromatic plants growing naturally. They contain essential oils which will reach on the ground following the litter fall. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Salvia officinalis L. on the development of two mycorrhizal species Glomus deserticola and G. intraradices. The major compounds of S. officinalis essential oil were 1,8-cineole (37.6%) and camphor (23.2%). The level of fungi colonization and the host (Allium porrum L.) growth were monitored under different treatments with S. officinalis leaves and essential oil. G. deserticola and G. intraradices colonized successfully the host plants. As a result, the host growth was positively influenced. G. deserticola showed higher infection levels and host growth. The addition of S. officinalis leaves and essential oil into the soil altered mycorrhiza levels. Small amount of S. officinalis leaves (0.75 g L−1) or S. officinalis essential oil (11 mg L−1) was beneficial for fungi colonization and host growth. However, fungi inhibition and reduced plant growth was recorded in concentrations over 22 mg L−1 (essential oil/soil).