Energy transfer and upconversion emission of Tm3Â +/Tb3Â +/Yb3Â + co-doped transparent glass-ceramics containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals

The energy transfer and upconversion emission of Tm3 +/Tb3 +/Yb3 + co-doped transparent glass-ceramics 50SiO2-10AlF3-30BaF2-5TiO2-4LaF3 (SABTL) containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals under the changing of heat treatment temperatures and concentrations of Tm3 +/Tb3 +/Yb3 + ions were investigated. The structural investigation carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy evidenced the formation of cubic Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals. The efficiency upconversion emission of Tm3 +/Tb3 +/Yb3 + ions was observed in the glass-ceramics. The upconversion emission and energy transfer between Tm3 + and Tb3 + ions were investigated with the Yb3 + ions cooperatively upconversion emission, energy transfer between Tm3 + and Tb3 + ions.