Lattice-Boltzmann modeling of forced convection in a lid-driven square cavity filled with a nanofluid and containing a horizontal thin heater

In the present paper, we study forced convection fluid flow and heat transfer generated in a square lid-driven cavity filled with the nanofluid water-Ag and provided with a horizontal thin heater. The horizontal boundaries of the cavity are insulated while its vertical walls are maintained at a constant temperature, lower than that of the heater denoted. The problem is governed by the Richardson number, the volume fraction of the Ag nanoparticles, the relative location of the heater (S = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) and its relative length ( ). The obtained results show that the nanofluid is efficient in enhancing the heat transfer rate in a lid-driven cavity and the mean Nusselt number is a decreasing function of Ri. It is also observed that the heat losses through the cold boundaries of the cavity are substantially reduced by moving upward the heater from its lower position.