Efficient evaluation of impairment induced by distributed fiber Raman amplifier using error vector magnitude techniques in unrepeated coherent communication system

We investigate the impairment induced by relative intensity noise (RIN) of Raman pump in an ultra-long unrepeated multi-level modulated coherent optical communication system. By adopting error vector magnitude (EVM) techniques, we proposed a simple and high efficient numerical method to calculate and analyze the impact of Raman pump RIN on the coherent receiver system. Both intensity and phase noise are taken into consideration in our numerical simulations when choosing Raman pump lasers with different RIN and using different signals. Our simulation result shows that higher-order phase-modulated signal is more sensitive to RIN of the Raman pump. Comparing to the phase noise, intensity noise induced by RIN of the Raman pump can generally be ignored. Apart from the well-known walk-off parameter, nonlinear parameters and Raman-gain coefficient also play important roles in the complex noise transfer process. Our calculation makes it possible to quickly and accurately evaluate the hybrid distributed fiber Raman amplification (DFRA) along with remotely-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplification (EDFA) in ultra-long unrepeated transmission systems.