A comprehensive study on the effect of hot water demand and PCM integration on the performance of SDHW system

According to the results, in the non-uniform high daily water consumption the thermal stratification is more beneficial which can lead to 9% increase in the ASF. Also, it is found out that a solar water heater system performance is very demand dependent so that it induces up to 8% ASF variation in different demand conditions. Therefore, integration of the PCM in SDHW systems, which can increase the ASF by 4%, is very case dependent with respect to the results of optimization and sensitivity analysis.