Simulated annealing based algorithm for node generation in seepage analysis with meshless method

Node generation plays an important role in meshless methods for seepage analysis with a free surface. A probabilistic algorithm based on a combination of simulated annealing and the generalized probabilistic Lloyd's method, which is related to centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVTs), is used in seepage analyses with the element-free Galerkin method (EFG). The applications in this paper involve analyzing steady seepage in a rectangular dam, a dam with an inclined slope surface, and a dam with a horizontal drain. The results show that the algorithm can easily fit and update the changeable free surface, and obtains higher-quality node sets, particularly when simulating physical domains with complex geometrical boundaries.