High nonlinearity in WOx film prepared by hydrazine hydrate reduction method

In this work, we fabricate the sandwich structure based on WOx film which exhibits remarkable nonlinear electrical characteristics. The WOx film is deposited on FTO substrate by using a simple chemical reduction method. The hydrazine hydrate used as reductant is added into precursor. As a result, the nonlinearity of this single-layer device is greatly improved and is as high as 104. The XPS analyses indicate that the nonlinear switching behavior can be attributed to the suboxides in WOx film. This work not only enhances the nonlinear electrical characteristics of metal oxide, but also provides a new way for nonlinear devices.