Bioactivity evaluation of porous TiO2 surface formed on titanium in mixed electrolyte by spark anodization

The microporous TiO2 surface provided higher cell adhesion, proliferation and viability compared to the metallic titanium control group. Cells cultured on the surface of geometrical microporosity demonstrated higher ALP activity. Hypodermic tissue and connective tissue were well attached on anodized surface after 10 and 20 min. In particular, on the micropore-formed surface after 30 min, an abundant amount of hypodermic and connective tissue was observed among the adjacent micropores.