Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy study of minerals commonly found in shale

Positron Annihilation Lifetime and Doppler Broadening spectroscopies are used to investigate twenty-three different rock-forming minerals that are commonly found in shale. Doppler Broadening provides information about the positron and positronium (Ps) trapping sites for comparison among the various minerals. Correlations of positron lifetime and Doppler Broadening are observed for different groups of minerals. Finally, Ps formation, or lack thereof, in the various minerals has been determined.